Immigration Visa Attorney Blog

Earlier this month the Obama administration announced it was going to try and tweak the process surrounding federal immigration law in the hopes of positively impacting thousands of American families. It is a story our readers in Troy, Michigan and Columbus, Ohio should follow closely.

As announced by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) Director Alejandro Mayorkas, the change involves how undocumented immigrants with American family members will be able to apply for a green card. Undocumented immigrants would be able to remain in the U.S. while waiting for the visa application process to be completed.

Under current law U.S. citizens can submit green card applications for spouses and children, whether or not those family members entered the country legally.

However, as it currently stands, in most cases those family members have to return to their home country to receive their visas. But leaving the country triggers an automatic policy where they cannot return to the U.S. for upwards of a decade, even if they are eligible to become legal resident.

The new proposal provides that undocumented immigrants receive a waiver before leaving the country to get their visa. The idea is that this will cut down on delays for their return.

Continue reading "A more sensible path to green card?" »

Sometimes family members get left out of the immigration process. Costs, logistics, family obligations and other inconveniences can prevent a family member from coming to the United States.

There's no need to worry, though, United States Immigration officials have anticipated this situation. We'd like our friends here in Columbus to make sure they're aware of a potentially helpful tool.

Following to join allows a spouse or child of a principal immigrant to immediately obtain a visa to immigrate to the United States any time after the principal immigrant becomes a lawful permanent resident of the United States. There are, though, some major limitations of following to join.

Following to join is only available to immigrants in categories that give derivative status to spouses and children. Such categories include family-preference immigrants and employment-based immigrants. Further, following to join only applies to preexisting spouses and children. Spouses and children added after an immigrant becomes a permanent resident cannot follow to join. Finally, children can "age out" of eligibility to follow to join.

In spite of the above limitations following to join is far more versatile than one might think. A family member that is following to join doesn't have to literally follow the principal immigrant to the United States. Spouses and children that are inside the United States as nonimmigrants can "follow to join" and adjust status through a principal immigrant, even if they precede the principal immigrant in entrance into the United States.

Considering its limitations, following to join is not for everybody. That being said, following to join is still a valuable and important part of the immigration toolbox. Using following to join to immediately obtain an immigrant visa for a spouse or child is an excellent way to avoid the long waits that can be associated with family based immigrant petitions.

Recently the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) rolled out a new program it hopes will help improve delivery of some documents related to the immigration process. Obviously this could prove to be a significant upgrade for anybody in the local community who deals with the department in an official and time-sensitive capacity.

In a May 2 memo the USCIS said it had put in place what it calls a "Secure Mail Initiative" (SMI). The SMI will take advantage of the Priority Mail with delivery confirmation option within the U.S. Postal Services (USPS).

The USCIS has essentially partnered with the USPS in an effort to allow customers the ability to keep on top of the status of paperwork critical to travel and employment authorization.

Permanent Resident cards (green cards), Employment Authorization (EADs) and Advance Parole can all now be tracked through the SMI. Obviously timely receipt of green cards and EADs will be very important to some of our readers.

The USCIS highlighted two key benefits in its memo:

-Tracking the status of documents with USPS tracking information.

-Increases in the speed documents are received by the USCIS. The memo said that "on average, documents sent through USPS Priority Mail should arrive two to four business days sooner than with first-class mail."

A signature is not required for SMI delivery, so it will still be possible for a piece of mail to be lost - only the delivery of the package or envelope is recorded. But given that the USPS keeps a record of each delivery, the USPS's customer service can be utilized for inquiries.

The USCIS said that customers who receive an approval notice (Form I-797) should contact its Customer Service Center and request tracking information for their particular documents.They will then be given their most recent delivery status and a tracking number. Their document can then be monitored on the USPS's website, usps.com.

Continue reading "USCIS Unveils 'Secure Mail' Initiative" »

Congratulations! Your I-130 petition has been approved! You worked hard, put together a good petition, and now your loved one can immigrate to the United States, perhaps joining you here in central Ohio, worry free. Right? Not always. Even after the United States Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) has approved your I-130 petition, they can issue a Notice of Intent to Revoke (NOIR) and turn your world upside-down.

A NOIR is, essentially, a failsafe that allows USCIS to deny your I-130 petition after it has been approved. If, after your I-130 petition has been approved, USCIS discovers that it made a mistake in approving it, or discovers new information that shows you aren't entitled to approval, it issues a NOIR.

An NOIR letter should explain to the petitioner exactly why the I-130 is being revoked, setting forth the law and facts that, according to USCIS, show that the petitioner is not entitled to their approved I-130 petition. It should also inform the petitioner that they have a right to respond to the NOIR and explain why their NOIR should not be revoked.

So, you've gotten a NOIR in the mail. What can you do?

1. Respond--A NOIR will not go away. If you don't respond to it, USCIS will revoke your I-130 petition.

2. Act Fast--A NOIR should state a time period (often 30 days) in which you are permitted to respond to the NOIR. However you decide to respond to the NOIR, make sure you do so within the allotted time period.

3. Inspect the Record--You have the right to inspect USCIS's record relating to the I-130 that USCIS intends to revoke. Inspecting USCIS's record can help you find holes in the NOIR and allow you to make better factual and legal arguments in response.

4. Submit Evidence in Support of Your Arguments--Your response to the NOIR is your only opportunity to present evidence to USCIS. Don't waste it. You may be able to clear up USCIS's misunderstanding of the facts by providing them with better information.

Continue reading "Columbus, OH Attorney: Notice of Intent to Revoke: Know Your Rights!" »

The saga of Tri Valley University and founder Susan Su is an eye-opener to one way the immigration and educational systems can be exploited and how students can be caught in the middle. We hope folks here in Columbus take a close look at the case.

In January the United States government seized property owned by Susan Su, director of Tri Valley University (TVU), due to allegations related to fraud and other illegal activity. In forfeiture proceedings where typically the properties are the named defendants, the U.S.government asserts that the properties were acquired with illegal funds. The government asked the court to turn over the property due to misuse of visas and permits, mail fraud, wire fraud and money laundering. Court documents outline the alleged offenses which occurred during an elaborate defrauding scheme between 2008 and 2010.

In April of 2008, Susan Su created TVU, an entity that supposedly offered online college classes. The government's complaint explains that while the private learning institution was seeking accreditation from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), students were already being recruited and tuition was being paid. In reality the existence of the university was purely for fraudulent purposes.

The focus of TVU was to gain foreign immigrant students by securing F-1 visas. TVU was developed as an illegal institution that allowed foreign nationals to immigrate to the United States and be considered "students" as long as $2,700 "semester" fees were paid. DHS's explanation for not identifying the scheme is that the current immigration system is inadequate for tracking the educational status of foreign nationals. The reason DHS offers for not catching the scheme exonerates the students, who appear to be the true victims of DHS's failures and the school's alleged fraud.

The complaint asserts the first offense committed by TVU and Su was a willing misuse of the visa program. Throughout the accreditation process TVU completed federal documents using inaccurate information in order to circumvent Homeland Security. To receive accreditation by the DHS, TVU had to submit a Form I-17 petition. Su and her staff misled the government by claiming they were operating a legitimate school.

The second offense that occurred was mail fraud. In addition to filling out federal documents, TVU had to supply DHS with three articulation statements from major universities asserting credits earned at TVU would be transferable to larger learning institutions. Mail fraud occurred when TVU sent the fraudulent documents and statements to DHS through the U.S. Postal Service.

Continue reading "Immigration Attorney Examines Tri Valley University Case" »

Those residents of our local Columbus, OH community interested in being granted U.S. citizenship should make sure they are familiar with all parts of the process. An area which usually raises questions is continuity of residency.

To be eligible for Naturalization a lawful permanent resident needs to reside continuously in the U.S. for at least five years, or three years if married to a U.S. citizen and having lived with that same U.S. citizen during the entire residency.

The continuity of residence requirement needs to be met before filing a naturalization application.

Generally speaking, traveling outside the U.S. for less than six months does not interrupt continuous residence. But traveling outside the country for more than six months does raise a presumption that continuity of residence has been interrupted.

Such presumption can be rebutted by providing evidence to establish continuous residence, such as presence of immediate family in the U.S., non-termination employment in the U.S. or retention of full access to a U.S. home.

The burden of proof rests with the applicant. In cases where an applicant left the country to study abroad after they became a permanent resident, the courts have ruled that such study does not result in abandonment of residency. Li v. Chertoff, 490 F.Supp.2d 130 (D. Mass. 2007).

Continue reading "Continuity of Residence Requirement for Naturalization Application" »

The recent failure of a piece of immigration law in Congress will have an impact on teens and young adults throughout the country, including places in the Midwest like Ohio and Michigan.

Last Saturday the United States Senate voted down legislation which would have given some illegal immigrants the opportunity to gain legal status.

Continue reading "Columbus Ohio Immigration Attorney: "Senate Says No to DREAM"" »

Recently the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services announced it is introducing a standardized form to request a waiver of the processing fees associated with immigration benefits. The form, I-912, became available Nov. 23.

Continue reading "USCIS Introduces First Fee Waiver Form" »

On Nov. 19 the U.S. announced it would be making the visa application process for Indians more convenient.

The embassy in New Delhi, as well as the consulates-general located in Chennai, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai, will accept application from any part of the country, regardless of the address of the applicant. Interviews will also be conducted at the most convenient location for the applicant.

Also part of the change was a restructuring of the consulate districts.

Ambassador Timothy Roemer said the changes will make the embassy and consulates-general: "even better positioned to support and serve Indian visa applicants, as well as American citizens and businesses throughout India."

The Department of State released its December Visa Bulletin and once again the cutoff for category 2A has been moved up. The most recent Bulletin has the 2A cutoff placed at August 1 of 2010.

This is a two-month change from the November Bulletin, which had the 2A cutoff at June 1. This marks the 12th month the date has been moved in 2010, after beginning the calendar year at January 1 of 2006

Advocates of immigration are hailing an announcement last month that the U.S.
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has ceased seeking deportation for
foreign nationals eligible for green cards.

The announcement was made by John Morton, the assistant secretary for ICE.
Morton added that the agency would drop existing deportation proceedings
against anyone eligible under this new guideline.

Morton wrote in an Aug. 20 memo that in situations where there is "an
underlying application or petition" and ICE determines "a non-detained
individual appears eligible for relief from removal, [its attorneys] should
promptly move to dismiss proceedings." ICE lawyers are being told to move
towards dismissal in situations where the immigrant does not have a criminal
record and is likely to receive a green card.

According to the Miami Herald, those impacted by the change in policy "are
possibly tens of thousands who are married to a U.S. citizen or a legal
resident who has filed a petition for them."

Advocates for immigration believe this is better use of ICE's time and
budget. Cheryl Little, executive director of the Florida Immigrant Advocacy
Center told USA Today that "Targeting those who intend to do harm while
expediting the cases of law-abiding immigrants is the best use of ICE's
precious resources and will save taxpayers money."

Indeed, ICEs press secretary emphasized to the Herald that the agency is
"committed to smart, effective immigration reform, prioritizing the arrest
and removal of criminal aliens and those who pose a danger to national
security,''

The overwhelming reason for the policy change is to deal with what Morton
called "major inefficiency." The New York Times reported that 17,000 cases
could be eliminated from the immigration court dockets if ICE dismissed cases
of immigrants like those married to U.S. citizens. Currently the wait for
hearings in immigration court begun by an ICE deportation case is 459 days.

Continue reading "Columbus Immigration Attorney Comments On Commonsense Deportation Policy " »

Certain acts, events or circumstances can render a foreign national ineligible for a visa or inadmissible to the United States. One such event is certain criminal convictions.It matter not if such conviction occurred in Columbus, Ohio, Troy Michigan, or anywhere in the US or overseas. Any foreign national that is convicted of, or admits to having committed, a crime of moral turpitude or a violation of any U.S. or foreign law or regulation relating to most controlled substances is considered inadmissible. Generally, a foreign national seeking admission to the United States who has committed a crime of moral turpitude would need to apply for a waiver of inadmissibility using Form I-601, Application for Waiver of Ground of Inadmissibility. However, there are exceptions to the rule of inadmissibility.

Under the Immigration and Nationality Act § 212(a)(2)(A)(ii)(II), a foreign national who has committed a single crime of moral turpitude will still be admissible if the maximum penalty possible for the crime is less than one year imprisonment and the foreign national was not sentenced to more than six months in prison. If the foreign national's conviction falls under the aforementioned Petty Offense Exception, they need not apply for a waiver of inadmissibility. Along the same lines, a foreign national's petty offense crime cannot be used against them as evidence of bad moral character for purposes of voluntary departure or to stop the clock for cancellation of removal.

It is important to remember that under the Petty Offense Exception the foreign national's conviction or admission must be their first and only crime. Notably, the foreign national need not be convicted of the crime to be deemed to have committed the crime for admissibility purposes. If a foreign national admits to having committed a crime, or even admits to having committed the elements of a crime, the Department of Homeland Security will treat such admissions the same as if the foreign national was actually convicted of the crime. Thus, foreign nationals should be aware of, and immigration attorneys should counsel their clients on, the consequences of making admissions to the Department of Homeland Security.

In the absence of national-level immigration reform, Arizona has passed its own version. Unfortunately, it is not the type of immigration reform that most in the immigration community would appreciate. Specifically, Arizona's new law requires foreign nationals to carry their immigration documents at all times and allows law enforcement to question any individual suspected of being in the U.S. illegally. Aside from the obvious problems of racial profiling and discrimination, laws such as this one continue to fracture an already cracked immigration system. This law will also, as many in the law enforcement community have pointed out, impede law enforcement's efforts. Not only will this monopolize police time with questioning individuals "suspected" of being an illegal immigrant, but individuals who have witnessed crimes may not be willing to come forward if they fear being deported.

Arizona's recent immigration law demonstrates why nationwide, comprehensive immigration reform is so desperately needed in this country. If not for the benefit of the foreign nationals whom have waited so patiently for a better system, then to prevent radical legislation like that passed in Arizona. Immigration is a federal issue under the constitution. By allowing individual States to dictate immigration reform, the system is going to become even more inconsistent and piecemeal. Arizona's recent legislation should send a clear message to Congress that it needs to regulate this area of the law and it must act promptly. If not, each State will take it upon itself to pass its own version of immigration reform, as Arizona has done. Clearly, other States will be inspired to introduce similar legislation or perhaps even worse.

Interestingly, Janet Napolitano, Homeland Security Secretary, preceded Jan Brewer as Governor of Arizona and vetoed several comparable bills that were placed on her desk for signature. Many different civil rights and immigration groups have staunchly opposed the bill, and the Mexican Government has even voiced its criticisms of the bill. Various groups have also vowed to challenge the law on constitutional grounds if signed into law by Governor Brewer. One can only hope that Governor Brewer realizes this law would do much more harm than good -- socially, politically and economically -- and veto the bill. The Governor has not made her position known and has another day to veto or sign the bill. Undoubtedly, the country, and perhaps other countries, will be watching closely to see what the Governor's decision will be.

For Fiancé and Marriage visa applicants, the interview at the Embassy can be the most stressful part of the process. The interview is also, arguably, the most important part of the process and, thus, it is important for applicants to be prepared. Though one might expect the application process to be somewhat standardized, each U.S. Embassy has different policies and procedures governing how visa applications are processed. Therefore, it is imperative for the visa applicant to research the Embassy they will be visiting in order to adequately prepare for the interview. It is highly advisable for any visa applicant to review the website of the Embassy they will be visiting for information on the specific policies and procedures of that Embassy. A Fiancé or Marriage visa applicant's interview will be scheduled at the Embassy with jurisdiction over their residence abroad.

Visa interviews are conducted by appointment only and it is vital that the applicant be on time for the interview. There is usually some form of security screening at the Embassy and applicants should allow time for security when planning their visit. Generally, after entering the Embassy, the applicant will check-in with a Consular Official and may be required to provide their visa application(s)/documentation for review. Upon checking-in, the visa applicant will usually be told to remain in the waiting area until their name/number is called. At some point, the visa applicant will be asked to complete a digital fingerprint scan. The applicant's documents , if previously collected, will be returned prior to meeting with the Consular Officer.

Continue reading "What To Expect In A Fiancé Or Marriage Visa Interview At The Embassy" »

Many permanent residents consider attaining a green card to be the final step in the immigration process. Most green cards are valid for 10 years and can be renewed indefinitely. Consequently, a surprisingly large number of permanent residents renew their green cards for decades and never naturalize or, in other words, become citizens of the United States. While it is true that the green card provides a foreign national with the ability to live and work permanently in the United States, there are a multitude of benefits conferred to U.S. Citizens for which green card holders are not eligible. All permanent residents should be aware of the advantages of U.S. Citizenship and make an informed decision about naturalization.

First, U.S. Citizenship is not a status that needs to be maintained or renewed and, barring the existence of any fraud or misrepresentation in obtaining citizenship, cannot be revoked. Accordingly, U.S. Citizens can travel abroad for extended periods of time without the risk of abandoning their privileges to live and work in the U.S. A U.S. Citizen can even live permanently in another country and return to the U.S. as often or as little as they desire. A naturalized citizen can obtain a U.S. passport and avail themselves of the U.S. Government's assistance abroad. As U.S. Citizenship cannot be revoked except for fraud or misrepresentation, U.S. citizens are immune from deportation. While it is certainly not assumed that any foreign national would willfully or intentionally violate the law, if placed in such circumstances a green card holder would be deportable whereas a U.S. Citizen would not.

Continue reading "Why Is Citizenship Better Than A Green Card?" »